The Role of the Household in Aristotles Politics - Literature Essay Samples

Aristotle notes two political communities that are à ¢Ã‚€ÂÅ"lessà ¢Ã‚€? than the polis: the household and the village. Of these two communities, the household receives far more discussion and is the foundation of much of Aristotleà ¢Ã‚€Â™s political theory. The origins of the household are found in the basic human partnership between a male and female for the sake of reproduction. The household arose from the male-female partnership and it is arranged to fill the basic needs of daily life. As well as supplying these basic needs, the most important task of the household is the education of women, children, and slaves in virtue that is conducive to living in the polis.In Book Two of the Politics, Aristotle rigorously defends the household and objects strongly to the communism of women and children found in Platoà ¢Ã‚€Â™s Republic. Plato believed that the household would create a conflict between the public and the private interests of the polis, and he responds to this problem by removing private interests such as wives, children, and private property entirely. Aristotle argues that these devices viewed by Plato as private interests are not the sources of dispute in the polis, but rather, that these disputes come about as a result of human wickedness (1263b20-7). Aristotle also feels that people will not extend to wives and children held in common the same care and affection that they would hold for members of their personal family (1261b32-1262a24).On the other hand, Aristotle does not totally reject Platoà ¢Ã‚€Â™s argument that the private interests of the household may clash with the interests of the polis as a whole. He writes that every household is a part of a polis and that the virtue of the part must be examined in relation to the virtue of the whole. Among the primary functions of the household is the education of the women and children with regard to their participation in the polis. Aristotle wisely notes, because wom en make up half of the adult population and children will grow up to participate in the constitution of the polis, that in order for the polis to be good as a whole, its women and children also must be good (1260b13-20).Within the household, there are three different types of relationship: husband/wife, father/child, and master/slave. The head of the household is the first figure in each of these relationships. In the relationship of a husband with his wife, Aristotle argues that the husband is to rule his wife in a political or statesmanlike manner. Elsewhere in the Politics, this kind of rule will be referred to as rule by and over free and equal persons (1255b18-20). Aristotle is critical of other societies that mismanage the role of women in the polis, and he is extremely critical of the Spartans in this regard. Aristotle argues that among the primary reasons for their downfall was their failure to educate their women (1269b12-1270a9).On the other hand, Aristotle would not argue that the education of women makes them the political equal of men. He would also reject arguments in favor of treating women as slaves. Aristotle contrasts the woman from the slave in claiming that while the woman has deliberative faculty, this faculty lacks authority in women (1260a13). Interestingly enough, Aristotleà ¢Ã‚€Â™s basis for rejecting the equality of men and women actually has to do with a particular role that Aristotle believes women have within the household. In rejecting an argument in favor of equality that compares man to beast, Aristotle notes that women (unlike beasts) have duties in the household (1264b4-6). Thus, his reasons for rejecting women as equal to men are twofold: the deliberative faculties of women lack authority and women have particulars duties in the household that preclude their participation in ruling.Women, however, are not to be treated in the same way as children. Rather than ruling his children politically (as the husband would rule his wife), the rule of the father over his children is monarchic (or kingly). The rule of a father over his children is similar to the rule of a king over his subjects because he is naturally superior to them. Like women, children are also distinguished from slaves because of their deliberative faculty. While slaves have no deliberative faculty and women lack authority, children possess a deliberative faculty that it immature or underdeveloped. Children are dependent upon their parents for their own well being (1260a14) and this well being would necessarily include an education about function and constitution of the polis.At this point, we have considered how the household functions as an educational body within the polis where the head-of-household teaches virtue to women and children who are similar to him insofar as they are capable of deliberation. The question of educating slaves leads us to consider Aristotleà ¢Ã‚€Â™s discussion of natural slavery. His definition of natural slavery brings us back to his discussion in the Nicomachean Ethics about the proper relationship between the body and the soul. In his short recapitulation of this discussion in the Politics, Aristotle reminds reads that the soul rules the body in the same way as a master rules a slave.A slave, for Aristotle, is a possession of the animate sort, meaning that he is an instrument of action and belongs completely to the master. A slave by nature is one who does not belong to himself by nature and who does not have the full use of his reason. Although the natural slave perceives reason, he does not possess it (1245b1). This person is as different from other men in the same way as the body is from the soul. For these reasons, the slave is ruled is a despotic fashion while women are ruled in a kingly fashion and women are ruled politically. The major difference between women, children, and slaves is that women and children either possess reason or are capable o f possessing reason while slaves are not.Aristotle sharply criticizes the use of slaves as a means of production. Rather, he views slaves as the means by which the master secures his livelihood. In his Commentary on Book One Of Aristotleà ¢Ã‚€Â™s Politics, Trevor J. Saunders believes that this is the point of confining a slave to action rather than production. The aim of the master is to live well and the slave shares in the masterà ¢Ã‚€Â™s life (1260a39-40). Because Aristotle believes that the master ought to be concerned with action, rather than production, it would be a misuse of slaves to employ them for production. Saunders also believes that the argument of Aristotle against the use of slaves for production has to do with his more general criticism of unnatural acquisition. All too often, production becomes over-production and leads to the kind of excessive wealth that Aristotle condemns .We can see that there is also an element of education when it comes to the management of natural slaves in the household. It is the role of the master to give orders to the slave and it is the job of the slave to obey those orders. The will of the master and the slave are one because the slave has no reasoning of his own to exercise (1254b20-3). The virtue of the master in the master-slave relationship lies in knowing how to command the slave (in a way consistent with Saunderà ¢Ã‚€Â™s assessment above). The virtue of the slave is obedience to the orders of the master and the master educates him this virtue (1260b2-4). Thus, the household could also be said to exist for the education of the natural slave, who is a part of the household, by the master so that he (like the women and children) can achieve his proper end.Although there is much debate about whether or not there is such a thing as natural slavery, the focus of our discussion is the importance and the functions of the household in the polis. Returning to our thesis, we have now sho wn that not only is the function of the household in the polis for the education of women and children, but also for the education of natural slaves. Aristotle insists that virtue in the household is necessary if there is to be virtue in the polis, which is why the head-of-household has the task of educating those whom he rules. However, there is another element of the household that differs from education: the art of acquisition.The final essential function of the household in the polis is the acquisition of wealth in the form of private property. Although property is left in private hands, Aristotle still believes that the accumulation of property is of concern to the polis (1263a21-38). Aristotle seems to believe that the accumulation of wealth and means of acquisition affect the values of the polis as a whole, and thus, he devotes a good amount of Book One and Book Two to discussion how the head of household is to provide for his family. It comes as no surprise that Aristot le rejects the notion that the art of acquisition is identical to the art of household management, because as we have shown above, household management deals with significantly more than acquisition of wealth (1256b24-39).For Aristotle, the acquisition that is proper to the household is that which focuses on the accumulation of basic needs. . Aristotle examines acquisition by the head-of-household by distinguishing between natural and unnatural acquisition. Aristotle discusses four different ways of life that he finds synonymous with natural acquisition: the farmer, the hunter, the gatherer, and the pirate. This securing of food, shelter, and other necessities is called natural acquisition because it is an indispensable part of the management of a household. All of these things are necessary for the proper functioning of the household, and Aristotle certainly does not object to them being obtained.On the other hand, unnatural acquisition consists of accumulating wealth for its o wn sake. Aristotle observes that the types of goods that one would obtain through natural acquisition have both a à ¢Ã‚€ÂÅ"use-valueà ¢Ã‚€? and an à ¢Ã‚€ÂÅ"exchange-valueà ¢Ã‚€?. Money does not have such value because it is useless except as a means of exchange (this is the same as saying that it has an à ¢Ã‚€ÂÅ"exchange valueà ¢Ã‚€? but no à ¢Ã‚€ÂÅ"use value). Money is not intrinsically or naturally valuable, but derives its worth from convention. The aim of business acquisition is the accumulation of money and wealth rather than the natural acquisition of goods. He also disfavors unnatural acquisition (especially usury) because there is no limit to the amount of currency one can accumulate, leading people to indulge in an excess of enjoyment.With regard to the question as to why the household is not fully discussed in Book One, this likely has to do with the connection of the household to the polis. The household is dependent on the way of life of an established regime that ought to be based on proper household relationships such as those described earlier (husband-wife, father-child, master-slave). Therefore, before Aristotle can more fully discuss the household, he must consider the question of the best constitution. Once this question has undergone careful consideration, Aristotle will be able to more adequately describe the relationship between the household and the polis .In conclusion, we have shown through an examination of Book One and Book Two of Aristotleà ¢Ã‚€Â™s Politics what was stated earlier in our thesis. The household is important to the polis as a body where the head-of-household provides basic necessities to women, children, and slaves, and teaches them virtue conducive to life in the polis. However, although Aristotle has described the primary functions of the household, he has not described the primary functions of the polis. The question of the importance and the task of the household cannot be fu lly considered until the relationship between it and the polis is more adequately described.Works CitedDe Alvarez, Leo Paul. Aristotleà ¢Ã‚€Â™s Politics Lecture of 02-06-2003. The University of Dallas. Spring Semester of 2003, POL 3332-01.Saunders, Trevor J. Aristotleà ¢Ã‚€Â™s Politics Books I and II. (with commentary). Clarendon Press. Oxford. 1995

Perception and Consciousness - Free Essay Example

Sweats: Perception and Consciousness Barbara Bransfield Grand Canyon University General Psychology: PSY 101 March 25, 2009 Sweats: Perception and Consciousness Helena Blavatsky (1831), founder of modern Theosophy, wrote â€Å"everything in the Universe, throughout all its kingdoms, is conscious: i. e. , endowed with a consciousness of its own kind and on its own plane of perception† (Brainy Quotes, 2009). Yet individuals since the dawn of man, have wittingly, and unwittingly, found or pioneered methods by which to alter consciousness, and thereby distorting perception. A few of these methods, such as meditation, can provide physical benefits, however other methods, such as the use of psychoactive drugs, can cause permanent damage to the brain, thus altering an individual’s perception permanently. Drugs According to Dennis Coon (2010) in his book Introduction to Psychology: Gateway to Mind and Behavior, psychoactive drugs are the most common method by which individuals seek to alter perception (pg 199). These altering drugs range from mild effecting, such as through the use of caffeine, nicotine, or alcohol, to more powerful, controlled substances, such as pain killers, uppers, downers, or hallucinogens. Certain psychoactive drugs serve a useful purpose, after all, where would most of us be without our daily dose of caffeine; still, all are prone to abuse and can lead to unhealthy dependency or permanent brain damage. As with any substance or action, which alters consciousness, individuals must learn moderation or seek modification of behavior to prevent damage to or to restore the mind’s balance and state of health. Any alteration to our state of consciousness is self-induced and therefore treatable or preventable. Fatigue One of the ways in which individuals abuse their mind is by pushing themselves too hard for too long, thus interrupting healthy sleep patterns and creating periods of extreme fatigue. Most everyone is guilty of staying up long past bedtime to finish a good movie, of dancing the night away, or of burning a candle at both ends to finish a project at work, and most everyone has felt the effects the following morning when even a cup of caffeinated coffee seems incapable of jolting the brain awake. According to Coon (2010), while most people understand what sleep is, many fail to comprehend that while sleep patterns may be modified, it cannot be disregarded. Even moderate sleep loss can affect the brain’s ability to focus. This can cause an individual to make minor missteps at work or even serious errors in judgment that can cost lives. However, not all conscious altering methods can prove hazardous to us, or others. Meditation Meditation is a method of relaxation in which an individual â€Å"focuses attention and interrupts the typical flow of thoughts, worries, and analysis† (Coon, 2010). During meditation, energy activity in the brain is shifted from the right frontal lobe, which is prone to stress, to the calmer left frontal cortex, giving the meditator a sense of peace and joy (Psychology Today, 2003). Studies conducted have shown that meditation over long periods of time do no harm to the meditator, providing only benefits over the long term. A more controversial form of induced conscious altering methods is hypnosis. Hypnosis Hear the word hypnosis and visions of people clucking like chickens comes to mind, but those who believe in the power of hypnotherapy view it altogether differently. While self-induced meditation can aid in reducing stress and increasing peace and joy, hypnotherapy claims abilities far greater. By altering the consciousness of a patient, a physician can purportedly reduce or eliminate pain during procedures and even restore function to organs that are not working properly, criminologists can control behavior, and individuals can lose weight or stop smoking (Life Challenges, 2009). So, if hypnosis is such a wonderful mind altering method of healing and self-improvement, why then is it not used more extensively? Possibly, because the dangers of hypnosis outweigh the supposed benefits. As with many conscious altering methods, hypnosis leaves the participant vulnerable because their own sense of self, their sense of awareness, is diminished or even eliminated. A hypnotizer can easily manipulate, control, or exploit a patient if the hypnotizer proves to be unscrupulous, in which case the hypnotizer may use the patient to do something illegal or unethical (Life Challenges, 2009). Conclusion Even day-to-day activities, such as listening to music, drinking soda, and making love, can affect our brain, stimulating it in ways that affect our perceptions, emotions, memories, time sense, thoughts, feelings of self-control, and suggestibility (Coon, 2010). The more we are aware of our mind and the affect that our habits have on it, the more acute our perceptions will remain and our life experiences balanced. References Benefits of Hypnosis. 2009). In All About Life Challenges. Retrieved March 25, 2009, from https://www. allaboutlifechallenges. org/benefits-of-hypnosis-faq. htm Blavatsky, H. P. (2009). H. P. Blavatsky Quotes. In Brainy Quote. Retrieved March 25, 2009, From https://www. brainyquote. com/quotes/quotes/h/hpblavat267749. html Coon, D. , Mitterer, J. O. (2010). Introduction to Psychology: Gateways to Mind and Behavior (12th ed. ). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, Cengage Learning.

Marketing Mix Of Marketing Management - 1005 Words

Marketing Mix in marketing management is used to attract consumers and for sales promotion, using the four basic elements/components of the mix, namely, Product, Price, Place, and Promotion (four Ps). A combination and fair application of these marketing essentials is called Marketing Mix. The four Ps may sound simple but are the crucial marketing algorithm elements. The four Ps must work together and if any on the Ps fail, the entire marketing mix is in fault state. Assuming that if we have all four Ps, the marketing mix will work perfectly is not true. Each of the four Ps has to be targeted towards specific customer segment and be in sync with other four Ps at the same time. The first P is â€Å"Product† not only includes the product or service but also defines the variety, quality, design, packaging, design, brand, warranties, returns, or anything that is a part of your product purchase and adds value to the product. The second Price P is â€Å"Price† and just like the concept of product, price is not simply the retail price. Instead, the price boundary covers the retail price, product discounts, bonuses, promotions, payment period and credit terms. All these options tend to either reduce the price or make the payment process easier for the customer. Going forward to the next P, â€Å"Promotion† is required to publicize the product about which a marketer is trying to convey to its target audience. Promotion can be achieved through advertising, sales calls, personal selling, salesShow MoreRelatedThese Elements Are the Basic Elements of Marketing Plan and Overall It Is Known as 4ps. (Marketing Mix, 2009) These 4 Ps Are the Parameters Through Which the Marketing Management Can Control Internal and External Constraints of the Target Marketing.1115 Words   |  5 Pages$Marketing mix is a marketing tool that is uses by the organization to fulfill its target customers and achieve its organizational goals. 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The marketing mix was first originated from the single P, which was â€Å"Price† from the microeconomics theory (Chong 2003). Due to competiveness, new P’s were

The Three Core Philosophies Of The Black Nationalism Movement

On April 12, 1964 Malcolm X, born Malcom Little, delivered his famous Ballot or the Bullet speech before of crowd in Detroit, Michigan. The speech, was Malcom’s way of appealing to the black community to come to self-realization and uplift themselves. In his speech, the noted civil rights leader presents the three core philosophies of Black Nationalism: political, economic and social. This essay will provide an in-depth analysis of the three core philosophies of the Black Nationalism Movement and assess how these same issues affect us today. Malcolm delivered his Ballot to the Bullet speech on the heels of Martin Luther King Jr’s famous I have a dream speech and the Supreme Court’s ratification of the 24th Amendment. This constitutional†¦show more content†¦In addition, like in Malcom’s and Dr. King’s day clear attempts have been made to suppress black votes in several southern states. South Carolina, for example, ahead of the recent election passed some laws including, outlawing same day voter registration and the usual full week of voting. The state also reduced voting hours and limit the number of polling stations in predominantly black communities. South Carolina went as far as to redraw political boundaries which was later overturned by the courts. Similarly, in Florida, anyone with a previous felony were disenfranchised. Remember now, African-Americans and Latinos form the most incarcerated group in the country. It is abundantly clear lawmakers had carefully studied the voting p atterns of African-Americans and Latinos and outlawed the practices that favored them. Come to think of it, a certain presidential candidate was known for saying that the election was ‘rigged.’ I am inclined to think the then candidate knew a little more than we did. Additionally, key to Black Nationalism is the subject of economics and the role it plays in shaping society and stratifying races and classes. Malcom presented in his speech a ‘common sense’ economic model to steer African-Americans to self-sufficiency. He charged, â€Å"We should own and operate and control the economy of our community.† He believed by controlling the local economy, blacks would be able to alleviate some ofShow MoreRelatedEssay about 1968: A Year Of American Transformation1649 Words   |  7 Pagesthe profound panic evoked by the assassination of John Kennedy, the general public seemed to be gaining a restored optimism, and even the regularly protested Vietnam War still possessed the semblance of success (Farber and Bailey 34-54). However, three short weeks following the eve of ‘68, Americans abruptly obtained a radically different outlook. 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Essay on Racism in America Today - 2249 Words

â€Å"Racism can be defined as beliefs, attitudes, actions or behaviors that are based on phenotypic characteristics or ethnic affiliation†(Patcher, 2010). Racism is a struggle that, to this day, has continued to be a major issue. The color of someone’s skin alters how a person is perceived by society as a whole. Race is a social construct created by humans to categorize the world. (Ponds, 2013) The outlook on racism varies from community to community, family to family, and even person to person. Skin color can alter all aspects of an individual’s life, because unlike internal differences and beliefs, skin color is a physical appearance. Social status, perceptions, roles, occupation are just a few of the aspects of life which can be†¦show more content†¦The white majority is often of the opinion; minority racial groups like African Americans ultimately bring this suffering upon themselves. The white community is often quick to deny the significance of t he negative impact of racism in today’s society. Behaviors still show rasicism and discrimination that say whites have the upper hand. (Gallagher, 2008) Not only that but most of the negative stereotypes that were made up about minorities are continued to be used today. These stereotypes like African Americans are thieves or Mexicans have to many children gives whites that supremacy feeling. (George, 2013) They often go as far as to claim that quite the opposite situation exists today, that minority races actually have advantages over the majority. They are quick to point to Affirmative Action programs where minorities are given preferential treatment – like financial assistance or universities choosing to accept a student based on their race. Though these do seem to be valid arguments, it is easily demonstrated that the measurable challenges facing minorities clearly out way the advantages given. Conversely, there are clear measurable advantages to being part of t he white majority in today’s society. The acts of racism started well before Marin Luther King Jr. ever spoke out or lead any march, before congress ever tried to pass any laws onShow MoreRelatedRacism in America Today1933 Words   |  8 PagesRacism has been a terrible problem in American society for hundreds of years. Racism issues are not limited to one specific race, but include all races. It is the responsibility of the people of this nation to address racism and learn to accept and embrace each other for our differences, and allow this great nation to become even more united for our sake and the sake of future generations. To eliminate racism it is imperative to know first, where racism started and how it has developed, why it continuesRead MoreEssay on Racism in America Today1316 Words   |  6 PagesThe legacy of past racism directed at blacks in the United States is more like a bacillus that we have failed to destroy, a live germ that not only continues to make so me of us ill but retains the capacity to generate new strains of a disease for which we have no certain cure. - Stanford Historian George Frederickson. The population of the United States of America has been one of mixed race since its very beginning. Boatload upon boatload of enslaved Africans provided a labor force which wouldRead MoreRacism in America Today Essay1048 Words   |  5 Pagescan you be so sure when you actually open your eyes and see reality. Rapper Kanye West once said â€Å"racism is still alive, they just be concealing it† and these words are everything but false. You must ask yourself the real question about racism and it is how could you ever cure such a thing in people’s minds? People are free to think and believe what ever they would like and old habits such as racism will never change in people. 1619, a date remembered by most African Americans (Afroamhistory).Read MoreRacism in America Today Essay954 Words   |  4 Pages Long walk to freedom? Although slavery is over and African Americans are in a better place today than they were years ago we still have long ways to go. There are still people out there that is praying for our downfall. There are still people out there who wants to harm us and make us extinct. Even though we’re allowed to go to school with whites there is still controversy with us being friends and even dating. Just like some Caucasians are racists there are some African Americans that are as wellRead MoreChristopher Columbus Persuasive Essay726 Words   |  3 Pages America. The â€Å"Land of the Free† and the â€Å"Home of the Brave.† Yet, is this country truly one where all can live freely? Free for the poor? Free for immigrants? Free for religious minorities? Free for people of color? The United States of America is a country that was created to allow for certain freedoms for all people, yet within its rich history and today’s world, our country has become a melting pot for prejudice, racism, and ignorance. As our world progresses further, it may seem as if thereRead MoreRacism in America Essay1121 Words   |  5 Pagesthough America prides itself on being this melting pot racism is still alive and well today. America is supposed to be the land of opportunity, the country that calls to so many; calling to them with the promise of freedom and prosperity, to live their lives as they see fit. As stated in the National Anthem, America is the land of the free and the home of the brave. America is the country where dreams c an come true. So if America has emerged as a single people and nation, why does racism stillRead MoreRacism in Our Society Essay examples1068 Words   |  5 PagesRacism in Our Society Race relations are becoming increasingly important in our civilization. Despite this increasing importance, the question, Is our society racist? is commonly debated. After investigating this subject, it is evident to me that American society is racist. There are various definitions of both racism and society. It is important to clearly define these terms when addressing such a controversial and emotional issue. Racism is defined by Merriam-Webster as a beliefRead MoreRacism And The Civil Rights Movement984 Words   |  4 PagesWhat is racism? By definition racism is the prejudice, discrimination, or antagonism directed against someone of a different race based on the belief that one s own race is superior. This is a big issue in America today. Many Americans believe that racism is over in this country because it had gone through a civil rights revolution but those people are more than wrong. Some people believe that just because America went through a civil rights movement that all racism is gone. That everything wasRead MoreRacism : Some Call It A Disease1153 Words   |  5 PagesRacism Some call it a â€Å"disease†, some consider it a way of life, and others want it to be gone. Racism has been around for centuries as a sensitive controversial topic among Americans. Racism comes from way back when before I was born and it shocks me that it s still a popular subject in this day an age. It has been brought to the countries attention and has gotten better, but hasn’t vanished and still remains. Everyone views racism differently and have different reasons to why racism may be presentRead MoreEssay about Racism: Then and Now991 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout history in America there has always been the idea of racism. When Americans think of racism, they usually think of slavery and that racism is no longer a problem in America. However, this is not the case. Racism is still very apparent in America. It is true that since the end of slavery, the U.S. has made great strides towards becoming a less racist country. In reality, racism will never be extinct. In today’s society, all American citizens of all races have the same rights as one another

The Mexican President Porfirio Diaz - 1348 Words

It is said that those who don’t know their history are bound repeat itself and it is the case of present day Mexico. Mexico is a wonderful country with so much potential: rich in minerals, full of culture and traditions, with beautiful sceneries and landscapes perfect for tourism. However, it has not seen peace or stability in the last century. Currently there is a war in Mexico between several parties including the government and several drug cartels. Everyone involved is hungry for money and power. Similarly in 1910 the Mexican revolution which began because the country was filled with violence and suffering causing many people to flee the country in search for a safer place. All of this is due to poor leadership, corruption, and poverty. In 1910 the Mexican President Porfirio Diaz was taking advantage of his power and taking all he could away from the indigenous people of the country. Diaz acted like a dictator during his term; he would take away the land of the poor and ga ve it away to wealthier Mexican citizens. That way Diaz helped the wealthy Mexicans become wealthier and the poor became poorer. This abuse of power enraged the people and as a result Francisco Madero, Emiliano Zapata, and Pancho Villa started a revolution with the goal of taking the presidency from Diaz. This became the start of the Mexican revolution that developed into a civil war between the government and the revolutionaries. The war had many casualties and most of the country lived in fear.Show MoreRelatedDictatorship, Conspiracies, And Uprisings1615 Words   |  7 Pagesconspiracies, and uprisings are what led to the Mexican Revolution. The long battle among various sectors and changing alliances resulted in the victory of ending the thirty-year dictatorship in Mexico as well as the development of a constitutional republic. The Mexican Revolution was the first revolution of modern times that focused on the needs and dreams of the Mexican people. In the following discussio n, we will dissect the history of the Mexican Revolution and how it has shaped an essentialRead MoreThe Mexican Revolution By Porfirio Diaz887 Words   |  4 PagesVerdin, Ramon Khan, Kamal Santillan, Karen Research Paper The Mexican Revolution was brought on by tremendous disagreement among the Mexican people over the dictatorship of President Porfirio I. Dà ­az. Diaz stayed in office for 34 years. During that time, power was in the hands of only a few people. The people had no power to express their opinions or select their public officials. Wealth was also in the hands of a few people. Porfirio pushed peasants off of their lands and had business men take theirRead MorePorfirio Diaz s Impact On The Country s Material Prosperity And Pulled Mexico Out Of It s Declining State1733 Words   |  7 PagesI argue that Porfirio Diaz made contributions towards his country’s material prosperity and pulled Mexico out of it’s declining state. Porfirio Dà ­az is often remembered as a period of social degradation and oppression of freedoms in Mexico. His 35-year dictatorship brought about an immense amount of hardship for the lower classes and an unfair system of wealth distribution. The image of Porfirio Dà ­az as a ruthless tyrant is one almost everyone has of him post-revolutionary Mexico. However, with thatRead More The Mexican Revolution Essay1160 Words   |  5 PagesThe Mexican Revolution   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There was a huge revolution in the country of Mexico that started in the year 1910, led by Porfirio Diaz, the president of Mexico in 1910. In the 1860’s Diaz was important to Mexican politics and then was elected president in 1877. Diaz said that he would only be president for one year and then would resign, but after four years he was re-elected as the President of Mexico. Porfirio Diaz and the Mexican revolution had a huge impact on the country of Mexico that isRead MoreMexico Post Colonial1566 Words   |  7 PagesThe history of Post colonial Mexico included many successful and influential leaders: Porfirio Diaz, Francisco Madero, Francisco (Pancho) Villa, and Emiliano Zapata. Disparities in classification of the revolution arise from the numerous factions and ideological assumptions advocated for the overthrow of Diaz’s rule, hence one can argue that it was a political, social, or economical revolution. 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The Revolution began with the aims to overthrow Diaz, but the Revolution had a pronounced effect on the organization of Mexicos government, economy, and society. Porfirio Diaz was the president of Mexico when the Revolution broke out. He was elected in 1877, and although he swore to step down in 1880, he continuedRead MoreEconomic, Social, and Political Causes of the Mexican Revolution1734 Words   |  7 PagesPolitical causes of The Mexican Revolution 1840-1910 The Mexican Revolution is one of the most significant historical events in Mexican history. Without the revolution Mexico would not be the democratic country that it is today. â€Å"The Mexican Revolution is often seen as a standard bearer through which other subsequent Latin American revolutions are interpreted.†(Darity) There were several significant events spanning several years that led up to the unrest of the Mexican people resulting in aRead MoreIndependence During The War For Independence1512 Words   |  7 Pagesstayed the same. The changes that happen were led by the reformation of a rural police force in Mexico and also the rise/reign of Porfirio Diaz that brought about supporters with a long rule. The bandits and police had many roles in Mexican society after the War for Independence. The bandit’s roles are somewhat unique because bandits took on my characters in Mexican society. Bandits were made up of mostly peasants, but it comprised of temporary bandits from all parts of society that included; unemployedRead MoreModern Mexican Society And Its Culture1616 Words   |  7 PagesTo understand modern Mexican society and its culture we have to analyze its social, economic and political development through the early stages of industrialization and the conditions under which this development took place. Following the Marxist theory of Historical Materialism, we will look at the rise of capitalism during the Porfiriato (time period in which General Porfirio Diaz governed Mexico), the class conflicts arising during this time period that produced the Mexican Revolution of 1910,

The relationship between job satisfactions - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about The relationship between job satisfaction. Answer: Introduction In recent times, with the development of information technology, most of the large scale business organizations are emphasizing more on the development of human resources. The main objective behind this is to develop a small group of highly skilled professionals who will effectively utilize technology in order to enhance the business of the organizations. However, some organizations fail to notice the importance of employee satisfaction on the resulting employee performance and hence, do not address problems related to employee behavior. While working in an organization, the employees expect to be satisfied by several personal and job related benefits that automatically enhance their performances. On the contrary, some employees misuse the benefits and take them for granted. These employees destroy professionalism inside office premises and also negatively affect the progress of work of the organization. Hence, most business organizations are confused about the amount of employees to be provided so that they are not misused but the employees are satisfied and their performances are enhanced. On the other hand, some organizational leaders believe employee satisfaction is not related to performance at all. The performance only comes from an employees skill set, ability to take challenging duties and his willingness to proceed with the duties assigned to him. They also believe that employee satisfaction only extends the time for which the employee is willing to work for the organization. In this report, a research proposal has been presented for the detailed research of employee satisfaction and employee performance using data from some well known journals and secondary data collected from a number of reliable sources online. Conceptual Framework With the advancement of technology and the fast changes in the requirements in every business sector, the concept of human resource management is also fast changing. Before the advent of the digital age, human resource was considered to be the most important factor behind the running of an organization and the attributes that were required of the employees included loyalty and long life cycle working in the organization in addition to required technical and nontechnical skills. However, as more and more technologies are coming into existence, human resource is not the sole important factor for driving an organization. Rather, human resource is now mostly considered in most of the industries as the driving force behind the technologies that help the organization to move forward in the market.With time and change in technology, the human resource requirements are also changing in terms of global nature of work as well as diversity. Most organizations are interested to reap maximum bene fits from the use of human resources to gain maximum competitive advantage in the market without spending much time on the development of the human resources. Hence, loyalty is no longer the required attribute, rather the chosen attribute is skill the more skill one employee has, the more he is utilized and his lifetime inside the organization also increases accordingly. Instead of appointing just large number of employees for a job, most of the organizations now have specific employee group structures and they only recruit new and skilled employees only when certain posts are vacant. Again, many employees are also sacked for failing to meet job requirements or for being not skilled enough for providing the organization with competitive advantage in the market. According to studies, these policies of the companies are significantly affecting employee satisfaction and that in turn results in decreasing their quality of performances in the organization. In other words, this has created a cyclic process poor employee management poor employee satisfaction poor employee performance poor employee management. In the current rat race of organizational superiority in the market, the organizations are mostly emphasizing on gaining competitive advantage rather than trying to enhance the employee performances i.e. they are failing to notice the positive impact of employee satisfaction and performance on the overall business performance of the organization. Furthermore, the organizations are always in the search for getting cheapest possible work for a particular duty, hence, once the value of a skilled employee is increased, they recruit new and fresh employee who they can pay less but can get the same amount of work output. This has created a lot of negative influence on the human resources and loyalty towards a particular organization is very rare to find in these days. Literature Review According to Hussin (2011), employee satisfaction and employee performance are two interrelated aspects that promote the growth of a business organization. Sufficient benefits and chance of personal and professional growth increases employee satisfaction and the employees put extra efforts and enhance their performances in the business organization. According to the common beliefs of most of the researchers, the enhancement of employee performance is directly related to the change in employee satisfaction. As per Nabirye et al. (2011), the more satisfied the employee is, the more enhanced performance he gives during the course of his work. However, Ram (2013) contradicted this belief by saying that employee performance is in most cases not affected by employee satisfaction. According to him, employee performance mainly comes from an urge to perform duties that may or may not come from satisfaction. In the current landscape of organizational human resource management, most employees e nhance their performance in the fear of getting terminated from job or the prospect of facing heavy penalties due to the lack of sufficient performance during a certain period of time. According to the works of Cullen et al. (2014), organizations nowadays run for instant success and gaining competitive advantage in the market but mainly emphasize on the deployment of available skills of employees rather than developing them as per the requirements and demands of the market condition. Before digital age, all aspects of business organizations were run by employees like data entry and processing, market analysis, preparation of strategies, implementation of strategies and others. Hence, employees were generally held in high esteem and the organizations took several steps and initiatives for further development of skill sets of the employees (Shmailan, 2016). Furthermore, the organizations also provided a large number of benefits, leaves, incentives, rewards, bonuses and others to the employees that helped to maintain their satisfaction. This in turn helped to enhance the performances of the employees, who performed exceedingly well not only for personal professional d evelopment but also to earn the benefits and incentives. However, in the current age, the organizations recruit skills employees only to sack them in case they fail to meet their job targets and business requirements of the organization. Yao, Chen Cai (2013) said that the reason for which the organizations have stopped providing the employees with sufficient benefits is that human resources are no longer required in every field of the organizational operations. Data entry, operations, management, analytics and others can now be done efficiently by various softwares and software platforms like analytics tools, cloud computing and others. As a result, less manpower is now required compared to the prior conditions. Moreover, some employees today use the benefits for personal gain and take them for granted. As a result, they receive the benefits but do not provide sufficient input in their job responsibilities that ultimately causes the organization to lose competitive advantage in the market. In spite of the negative aspects discussed as well as the available technologies in the current age, Dusterhoff, Cunningham MacGregor (2014) said that employee engagement and maintenance of employee morale is still an important requirement for the enhancement of business operations of an organization. They also emphasized that the modern organizations should understand the important of employee loyalty and satisfaction in order to earn their maximum performance in driving the organization towards operational excellence. Project Execution Plan The main process to be followed for the execution of this research project is the collection of secondary data that contain some statistical proof of employee satisfaction and performance in various business organizations. Before the collection of secondary data, a literature review has been conducted that throws some significant light regarding the selected research topic. The data collected from the literature review will be further compared and validated with the secondary data collected from various online sources that have published results of questionnaire based surveys based on employee satisfaction and performance. This secondary data will be used reaching a suitable conclusion at the end of the research process. Proposed Project Schedule and Gantt Chart By analyzing the requirement of the entire research course, the proposed project schedule is as follows. Task Name Duration Start Finish Research Proposal 134 days Mon 18-12-17 Thu 21-06-18 Research Planning 32 days Mon 18-12-17 Tue 30-01-18 Consultation with Supervisor 5 days Mon 18-12-17 Fri 22-12-17 Determination of a Suitable Research Topic 2 days Mon 25-12-17 Tue 26-12-17 Analysis of the Relevance of the Chosen Research Topic 3 days Wed 27-12-17 Fri 29-12-17 Preparation of Project Proposal 10 days Mon 01-01-18 Fri 12-01-18 Submission of Proposal to Supervisor 2 days Mon 15-01-18 Tue 16-01-18 Approval of the Proposal 10 days Wed 17-01-18 Tue 30-01-18 Initiation of Research 17 days Wed 31-01-18 Thu 22-02-18 Identification of Specific Area to be Researched 2 days Wed 31-01-18 Thu 01-02-18 Determination of Research Objectives 2 days Fri 02-02-18 Mon 05-02-18 Determination of Research Questions 2 days Tue 06-02-18 Wed 07-02-18 Determination of Research Methodology 1 day Thu 08-02-18 Thu 08-02-18 Preparation for Research Execution 10 days Fri 09-02-18 Thu 22-02-18 Research Execution 62 days Fri 23-02-18 Mon 21-05-18 Literature Review 10 days Fri 23-02-18 Thu 08-03-18 Collection of Data from Literature Sources 5 days Fri 09-03-18 Thu 15-03-18 Research using Online Data Sources 15 days Fri 16-03-18 Thu 05-04-18 Collection of Secondary Data 10 days Fri 06-04-18 Thu 19-04-18 Comparison of Literature Data and the Secondary Data 5 days Fri 20-04-18 Thu 26-04-18 Determination of Research Conclusion 5 days Fri 27-04-18 Thu 03-05-18 Analyze whether the Research answers the Research Questions 10 days Fri 04-05-18 Thu 17-05-18 Submission of Research Results to Supervisor 2 days Fri 18-05-18 Mon 21-05-18 Research Closing 23 days Tue 22-05-18 Thu 21-06-18 Validation of the Research 5 days Tue 22-05-18 Mon 28-05-18 Documentation of the Entire Research 10 days Tue 29-05-18 Mon 11-06-18 Submission of Document 1 day Tue 12-06-18 Tue 12-06-18 Grading 5 days Wed 13-06-18 Tue 19-06-18 Sign Off 2 days Wed 20-06-18 Thu 21-06-18 Accordingly, the Gantt chart of the project is presented as follows. References Abbas, M., Raja, U., Darr, W., Bouckenooghe, D. (2014). Combined effects of perceived politics and psychological capital on job satisfaction, turnover intentions, and performance.Journal of Management,40(7), 1813-1830. Cullen, K. L., Edwards, B. D., Casper, W. C., Gue, K. R. (2014). Employees adaptability and perceptions of change-related uncertainty: Implications for perceived organizational support, job satisfaction, and performance.Journal of Business and Psychology,29(2), 269-280. Den Hartog, D. N., Boon, C., Verburg, R. M., Croon, M. A. (2013). HRM, communication, satisfaction, and perceived performance: A cross-level test.Journal of management,39(6), 1637-1665. Dusterhoff, C., Cunningham, J. B., MacGregor, J. N. (2014). The effects of performance rating, leadermember exchange, perceived utility, and organizational justice on performance appraisal satisfaction: Applying a moral judgment perspective.Journal of Business Ethics,119(2), 265-273. Fock, H., Hui, M. K., Au, K., Bond, M. H. (2013). Moderation effects of power distance on the relationship between types of empowerment and employee satisfaction.Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology,44(2), 281-298. Gayathiri, R., Ramakrishnan, L., Babatunde, S. A., Banerjee, A., Islam, M. Z. (2013). Quality of work lifeLinkage with job satisfaction and performance.International Journal of Business and Management Invention,2(1), 1-8. Huang, Y. T., Rundle-Thiele, S. (2014). The moderating effect of cultural congruence on the internal marketing practice and employee satisfaction relationship: An empirical examination of Australian and Taiwanese born tourism employees.Tourism Management,42, 196-206. Hussin, A. (2011).The relationship between job satisfaction and job performance amongemployeesintradewindsgroup of companies(Doctoral dissertation, Open University Malaysia). McCann, J. T., Graves, D., Cox, L. (2014). Servant leadership, employee satisfaction, and organizational performance in rural community hospitals.International journal of Business and management,9(10), 28. Nabirye, R. C., Brown, K. C., Pryor, E. R., Maples, E. H. (2011).Occupational stress, jobsatisfactionand job performance among hospital nurses in Kampala, Uganda.Journal of nursing management,19(6), 760-768. Ram, P. (2013). Relationship between Job Satisfaction and Job Performance in the PublicSector-A Case Study from India.International Journal of Academic Research in Economics and Management Sciences,2(2), 16. Shmailan, A. S. B. (2016). The relationship between job satisfaction, job performance andemployeeengagement: An explorative study.Issues in Business Management and Economics,4(1), 1-8. Shooshtarian, Z., Ameli, F., Aminilari, M. (2013). The effect of labor's emotional intelligence on their job satisfaction, job performance and commitment.Iranian Journal of Management Studies,6(1), 29. Yao, Q., Chen, R., Cai, G. (2013). How internal marketing can cultivate psychological empowerment and enhance employee performance.Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal,41(4), 529-537.